The Culture of Poland Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The Culture of Poland - Research Paper Example This exploration will start with the explanation that Poland has an absolute populace of thirty-9,000,000 individuals and is luxuriously blessed with normal assets. Notwithstanding the occupants of the nation is acceptable business visionaries, Poland has pulled in various remote financial specialists, subsequently making its economy dynamic. The nation is an individual from the European Union and is the 6th greatest nation in the association. The fundamental segments supporting the economy incorporate data innovation, car hardware, food preparing, the travel industry, and the banking. As indicated by Skarzynska, the Polish individuals have a novel business culture where they are driven people who are hard moderators and consistently anxious to work together. They have additionally obtained western techniques for business the board and are bureaucratic. To effectively put resources into a nation and market your items, it is imperative to comprehend the social condition. Language is a significant part of the people’s culture and is basic when speaking with others. Understanding the language of the individuals in a nation is significant when completing business with the occupants of the nation or in day by day general cooperations. Poland is comprised of four fundamental ethnic gatherings: Poles, Germans, Belarusians, and Ukrainians. The Poles are the lion's share making up 96.7 percent of the complete populace as indicated by an enumeration did in 2002; Germans are 0.4 percent; Ukrainians and Belarusian are 0.1 percent each.

Examine the Ways in Which Feminist Sociologist Have Contributed to Our Understanding of Family Roles and Relationships.

Analyze the manners by which women's activist humanist have added to our comprehension of family jobs and connections. Women's activist accept that ladies in the public eye are mistreated and abused by men, they are not seen as equivalent simply dependent on their sexual orientation. Ladies are in this manner are required to be subordinate to men bringing about ladies being burdened throughout everyday life. Radical women's activists accept the family mistreat ladies by male centric structures and the family itself.They accept the family benefits men as marriage goes about as a jail, men do little in the family contrasted with ladies the sexual division in the family misuses ladies , since their obligations regarding household work and childcare are unpaid, subverts their situation in paid business and builds reliance on men. It in this way keeps up an inconsistent male centric culture. Consequently extreme women's activist help separate as it permits ladies to escape from marriage, they additionally bolster family decent variety e. . , single parent families and same sex connections. Liberal women's liberation see the family as hopeful they see a slow change, through influence ladies are getting men to turn out to be increasingly associated with sharing the family and kid raising assignments and society has gotten more attractive through its laws such laws as the sex segregation act (1970) equivalent compensation act (1970) the balanced family is turning into a reality ladies are landing more positions and men are getting progressively included around at home.D. H. J Morgan bring up that not all families fit the model of the family unit with a wedded couple with kids, where the spouse is the provider and the wife the housewife alone actually, this is turning out to be not so much normal but rather more ladies presently work (1975). Anyway liberal women's activist don’t bolster family decent variety and distinctive family structures. Liberal women's acti vists need to bring families up in a hetero association; they don’t see implies the adversary not at all like radical feminist.They still, by figure more can be accomplished, by associated to see the sexual orientations as equivalent which would dispense with sex jobs. Contrast women's activist expect families when all is said in done detriment ladies and advantage men. Helen Carby (1892) who was a dark women's activist accepts that prejudice close by man centric as a type of mastery. They concur that for some dark ladies the family can be a severe organization. Anyway dark ladies and men are mistreated by prejudice and that the family frequently acts a wellspring of help and protection from racial separations and badgering. Postmodern feature contrasts etween gatherings of ladies in the family circumstance they abstain from making speculations and see every lady circumstance unique. Marxist women's activist see the family serve the need of the decision class. By mingling kid s into administering class standards and qualities prompting an accommodating and loyal workforce, with bogus cognizance and security for free enterprise. Ladies cut off free enterprise in two different ways: as moms they have youngsters who will end up being the up and coming age of business people wageslaves, and as spouses, ladies serve their husbands by doing everything with the family while he works.Parsons depicted the family as a steaming shower, he accepted that the family assists with alleviating pressure and strain from work, so he is revived for work the following day where he will have the option to add to society. Anyway for Marxist women's activist, they accept the ladies refreshes the man for work each day. This can be changed with the topple of entrepreneur and supplanting it with socialism will see people working close by one another and getting equivalent, childcare consequently will become public obligation.

Best Mobile Games to Test Your New Smartphone

Best Mobile Games to Test Your New Smartphone Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Best Mobile Games to Test Your New SmartphoneUpdated On 20/02/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : MobilesShort URL : https://hbb.me/2NgdfuO CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogBefore smartphones started taking the shape they have today, mobile gaming meant playing 2D puzzles with horrible pixelated graphics. Nowadays, mobile technology is much more sophisticated, which means that we can finally enjoy high-definition gaming on our pocket gadgets and do it on the go, wherever we are. However, before we can do that, we need to have a powerful smartphone that is able to run these games. If you have bought one recently and you want to test its true capabilities, here are some games that will help you with that. These are the best the and most demanding mobile games to test your brand-new smartphone and see if it’s a good bang for your buck.1. Shadowgun LegendsShadowgun Legends is a rather recent Android release that is quickly gaining a lot of popularity. It is a massively multiplayer online first-person shooter (MMO FPS) that reminds us a lot of Halo, Destiny, and Mass Effect. It follows an alien invasion plot, which we have already seen many times before, but the graphics are breathtaking here. It is the perfect game to run at ultra high settings and 60 fps to test what your new smartphone is capable of. You’ll enjoy every second of playing it.2. Online Casino GamesBefore the advancement of mobile graphics, online casino games were one of the examples of shabby 2D design, unrealistic colors, and a lack of animations. However, the situation is very different today, as some of them are true masterpieces. For example, the Sugarhouse online casino is a good place to start, have fun, and test your new phone. Online casinos usually offer a large number of different types of games, but video slots are the best ones for experiencing real mobile gaming. Some of t hem have high-definition graphics, complex stories, elaborate animations, and require a decent amount of computing power to run.3. Asphalt 9: LegendsThe Asphalt franchise is possibly one of the most popular arcade racing games ever. It features very realistic graphics that can be experienced only on the best mobile devices available on the market. If you still haven’t played any of the sequels, you can expect a fantastic mix of Need for Speed and Burnout.Most phones with an average computing power can run it at 30 fps, but if your new gaming smartphone is a flagship model, you can certainly experience all of its greatness at 60 frames per second. Asphalt 9 is a definite must-try, considering that it started in 2004 and is still going strong 15 years later!READThe Shift To Interactive Advertising And Apps4. Nimian Legends: BrightridgeNimian Legends: Brightridge is not a new title, but it still has a lot to offer to gamers with high expectations when it comes to mobile graphics. Thi s single-dev project took a lot of time to complete, which can be seen in the impressive graphics that will amaze you at every step. One of the advantages of this game and one of the reasons why we recommend it on this list is that the graphics are highly adjustable. Therefore, if you have a new device, you can run a full test by playing the game with different settings and see what works best for you. This game will take you to a completely new fantasy world â€" one with lush details, quirky characters, a complex storyline, and so much more.5. Warhammer 40,000: FreebladeIn our opinion, the Warhammer 40,000: Freeblade is a true masterpiece of mobile gaming. It combines elements that were impossible to be seen before, such as science fiction, a gothic military theme, and a dystopian future. It has some downsides, but it is as good as a mobile game can be. If you decide to test your new gaming smartphone with this title, you will become an imperial knight on a mission to defend the wo rld against demonic forces and aliens. To do this successfully, you will be able to use a large variety of guns, whirring blades, missiles, and numerous other gimmicks. Running it at the highest settings will allow you to enjoy spectacular graphics.6. FortniteOf course, this list could not be imagined without the most popular MMO game at the moment. Fortnite has won the hearts of millions of gamers out there who love playing this unique game on their PCs, gaming consoles, and mobile devices. Compared to PCs and consoles, the textures are not as detailed on mobile devices, but they still offer a one-of-a-kind experience. Fortnite is an eye-treat that you should definitely install on your new smartphone.

Equality Diversity and Inclusion - 1616 Words

Donna Pitt Unit 204 – Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Assignment 2 In my opinion living in a diverse society, along with understanding and knowledge is a positive route to acceptance on a variety of levels. When looking at my own life values and experiences I feel that as a person I don’t have prejudices and discrimination, however dependant on circumstances and peers I may on occasion say something deemed to be a prejudice. However the audience I have understand that this isn’t my view and that the reason behind saying something is more as a joke. For example my sister in law is Scottish, a prejudgment would be that she doesn’t like to spend money, never thinks its cold and drinks whiskey. If I†¦show more content†¦They should work together knowing this will improve the outcomes for the children around them. Showing despite differing opinions the ability to work positively with others to work through problems and conflicts without aggression can lead to them being happy with their choices and their future lives. Adults can discriminate against each other and show their prejudices in ways that hurt or harm others. Children show they have witnessed this and been influenced by this showing the same discrimination and thinking/acting as this is an acceptable behaviour. To challenge this behaviour I feel you should intervene firmly, knowing why you feel discrimination has occurred. Question, examine the extent of prejudice and discuss reasons (Such as why boys can’t play with dolls). Be relaxed, by being aggressive or negative it could show disrespect for others opinions. Ask for support if feeling uncomfortable. By challenging discrimination this will help build self-confidence when needing to deal directly with discrimination in future. Inclusion means that all people are given access to the same opportunities no matter what their race, gender or disabilities. It is giving equal opportunities and therefore getting rid of discrimination, as everyone has a right to develop their own skills in their own way in a way that is suitable for their needs. Children and young people who have specialShow MoreRelatedEquality Diversity Inclusion1538 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Explain what is meant by. Equality Equality is treating people fairly and making sure that everyone is given a fair chance and that their individual needs are met. It’s about giving all sections of the community equal access to employment, education and other services that are provided whilst valuing and respecting them. Recognising that different sections of the community require specific measures to make sure they receive equality. Recognising how and why some groups are underrepresentedRead MoreEquality, Diversity and Inclusion.1136 Words   |  5 PagesExplain what is meant by: a) Diversity- Diversity is about valuing individual difference. So diversity is much more than just a new word for equality. A diversity approach aims to recognise, value and manage difference to enable all employees to contribute and realise their full potential. Diversity challenges us to recognise and value all sorts of differences in order to make our environment a better place for everyone to work b) Equality- Equality is about making sure people are treatedRead MoreChampion equality, diversity and inclusion1712 Words   |  7 PagesChampion equality, diversity and inclusion          1.1 Explain the models of practice that underpin equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibility. Equality is to treat all as individuals; to respect race, disability, age, gender, religion, beliefs ,culture and sexual orientation. For all to be open to opportunities, to be treated fairly and respectfully, have rights and equal status in society and for all to reach their full potential. Diversity is to value that we are all uniqueRead More2.4. Diversity, Equality and Inclusion3667 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿TDA Unit 204 Equality, diversity inclusion in work with children young people [1.1].In your setting, there is a range of policies which formally sets out guidelines and procedures for ensuring equality. The policies must take into account the rights of all individuals and groups within the school as well as considering the ways policies work to ensure equality, inclusion. Policies also pay regards to the values and practice, which are part of all aspect of school life.   United Nation’sRead MoreDescribe Diversity, Equality, Inclusion and Participation857 Words   |  4 Pages Diversity Diversity refers to our differences such as culture, beliefs, values, views and life experiences. The concept of diversity is to accept, respect and embrace our differences. When people with these differences unite and share the same group or organization we see a diverse environment. Working in a childcare setting, we have the potential to work with an abundance of diversity. This can be very rewarding but can also pose challenges. Positively, we have the opportunity to promoteRead MoreEquality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children1275 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 204 Outcome 3 What is meant by Inclusive and Inclusion Practice? Inclusive practice is identifying and understanding any barriers that are stopping children from completing the activity. We have to make sure that whatever the child’s background they are able to fully join in with everything within the school. This will make the children feel valued and have a sense of belonging. Inclusion does not mean that we view each other the same or provide the same work, it is about making sure weRead MoreDiversity, Inclusion, And Equality Within The World1514 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems with diversity, inclusion, and equality within their ranks. The hyper-masculine culture that has been at the core of many military values has facilitated a perspective that excludes certain populations. Women of all backgrounds as well as gay men have struggled through the years for their right to service. This essay serves to explore the struggles as well as progress the Australian Defense Force has facilitated with its LGBTQ officers, and to analyze the current state of equality and inclusionRead MoreEssay on Champion Equality Diversity and Inclusion3510 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿HARROW COLLEGE HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE QCF: Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England Unit CU 2943 Champion Equality, Diversity and Inclusion YOUR ANSWERS MUST BE YOUR OWN WORK. If you wish to introduce other sources of information, this must be referenced This workbook meets the following assessment criteria for the unit : Assessment criteria Achieved Date 1.1 √ 23/10/13 1.3 √ 23/10/13 3.1 √ Read MoreEssay on : Promote Equality, Diversity and Inclusion1752 Words   |  8 PagesTDA 3.6: Promote equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people 1. Be able to promote equality and diversity in work with young people. 1.1 Identify the current legislation and code of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity. SEN code of practice 2001 This act was created to strengthen the rights of SEN children and their parents to a mainstream education. The act was designed to make a difference to the education of SEN childrenRead MoreThe Importance of Promoting Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Schools1032 Words   |  5 Pagesfollow assessment will have a brief description of the importance of inclusion and inclusive practices in work with children and young people. And it also contains an exploration of how our own attitudes, values and behaviour may lead to that inclusive practice, how to challenge discrimination and how to promote some important anti-discriminatory and inclusive practices. First of all is important to define what is meant by inclusion and inclusive practice. Inclusive practice is a process of identifying

Use of CBT to Treat Victims of Domestic Violence Essay

Women will continue to suffer from domestic violence unless there is some sort of intervention to help them. When dealing with this population, it is essential to create a safe environment where the woman can talk freely about the abuse without any retaliation from the abuser. When someone comes into a therapeutic session, everyone deserves to be treated with respect and care. This in turn will create a sense of hope that a different type of life can be possible. Also, knowing that there is a support system can help the woman begin the process of change. Despite this, the process of leaving the abusive partner is slow (Warshaw, n.d.) Warshaw (n.d.) stated that the first stage of intervention is identifying that there is domestic abuse.†¦show more content†¦It is also known that domestic violence usually increases in frequency and intensity. Research has shown that about 2 to 4 million women will experience some kind of domestic violence each year in the United States, and a bout 23% to 34% of women will experience domestic violence in their lifetimes. This aggression towards women results in physical injuries, physical health problems, psychological disturbance, and, in some cases, death. Sullivan and Bybee (1999) stated that one way that the abuser can control the victim is through social isolation, cutting off any social ties to family and friends to prevent the person from turning to someone for help. Having such ties has been helpful in the past when victimized women have left their assailants with the help of friends and family members. Aside from social support, another important support is community resources to respond to domestic violence, which is very helpful to decrease risk of abuse by their perpetrators. One of the main reasons that abused women return to their abusive partners is that they are unemployed and have no way to financially support themselves. Other resources important in reducing the risk of domestic violence are: â€Å"med ical attention, child care, affordable housing and safe housing, and help from social service agencies† (p. 44). While resources to help this population have grown in past years, most of these women doShow MoreRelatedTrauma- Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: an Effective Treatment Modality for Children and Adolescents Who Have Experienced Traumatic Incidents1687 Words   |  7 PagesFocused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: An Effective treatment modality for children and Adolescents who have experienced traumatic incidents * What is TF-CBT and What is it Best Suited for: Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) was developed by psychologists J.A. Cohen and, Mannarino, Knudset and Sharon. TF-CBT has been developed for those who have experienced psychological trauma, often on a great scale of magnitude. It is important to define trauma; â€Å"There are two typesRead MoreSouth Asian Women825 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough CBT is promoted by most psychological professionals and much of the research conducted on this psychological orientation thus far proves its efficacy, like a majority of past research, it was primarily conducted using a white population. Due to the lack of research, there is no way to assert CBT is the best treatment option for the specific population of South Asian female immigrants, even though this population suffers from mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and eating disordersRead MorePtsd and Trauma Focused Cbt4144 Words   |  17 PagesTrauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Many children are exposed to traumatic events before they even become adults. All around the world they are exposed to child abuse, rape, natural disasters, terrorism, car accidents, and school violence among many others. Studies have shown that these traumatic events, if left untreated, can result in significant psychological problems, such as post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other anxiety disorders, depression, or a number of other behavioralRead MoreDescription Of Field Placement : A Group Of Caring Men And Women Essay2316 Words   |  10 Pagescalled a community meeting to discuss the problem of domestic violence, which was just then beginning to receive public attention. The dedicated people who attended that first organizational meeting worked rapidly and soon founded the non-profit organization WomanHaven, Inc. They have since changed the agency’s name and now operate as The Center for Family Solutions. Our mission is to promote and provide a comprehensi ve response to domestic violence, stalking and human trafficking through CommunityRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence ( Ipv ) Or Domestic Violence Essay1938 Words   |  8 PagesIntimate Partner Violence (IPV) or Domestic Violence (DV) is â€Å"the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCADV), n.d.).† Many victims fail to report IPV because they only consider physical assault as a form abuse, however verbal abuse falls under IPV, as well as emotional and psychological abuseRead MoreEvidence Based Practices For Homeless Sexual Minority Youth2345 Words   |  10 Pagesat risk for trauma in particularly high numbers. When SMY become homeless, their risk for exposure to trauma becomes even higher, presenting the helping professions with a population that faces unique probl ems in clinical settings that may seek to treat homelessness without considering minority stress and repeated exposure to trauma. We reviewed literature concerned with trauma, homelessness and SMY issues to determine which EBPs (evidence-based practices) have been deemed most helpful for this populationRead MoreCouples Therapy Addressing Domestic Violence From Cognitive Behavioral Perspective Essay3075 Words   |  13 PagesRunning head: COUPLE THERAPY USING CBT AND SFT 1 COUPLE THERPAY USING CBT AND SFT 3 Couple Therapy Using CBT And SFT Elizabeth Cabral Brandman University Couples therapy addressing domestic violence from cognitive behavioral perspective Introduction Cognitive behavioral therapy partner has focused on the detailed analysis of everyday conflicts that can lead to the breakdown of the relationship; it has been raised how problems arise, and how they are maintained. It has identifiedRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children3334 Words   |  14 Pagesabuse and neglect being so prevalent globally, it is important to recognize why these types of maltreatment occur and is a relevant topic for all to explore. Many are interested in how child abuse and neglect affect the individuals who are victims as well as the use and efficacy of treatment procedures. Child abuse has serious physical and psycho-social consequences which adversely affect the health and overall well-being of a child. There are long-term consequences of experiencing these forms of maltreatmentRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1959 Words   |  8 Pageslet PTSD people that we will always be there for them when they need someone to talk to. There is a common expression that people use to support this misconception is people got PTSD by military or horror wars experiences only but it is not true because people can get PTSD in different situation. For example, people can get PTSD from: rape, domestic violence, and domestic verbal experiences, not only military people. I want to clarify that PTSD with different kind of levels are different, some people’sRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children5936 Words   |  24 Pagesprohibition of degrading treatment or punishment extends to corporal punishment of children. Since 1979, with Sweden as the first country in the world to prohibit all corporal punishment of children, a total of 46 countries around the world have outlawed domestic corporal punishment of children. Some professionals claim that cultural norms that sanction physical punishment are one of the causes of child abuse, and have undertaken campaigns to redefine such norms. Psychologist Alice Miller, noted for her books

Influences of My Personal Counseling Philosophy - 747 Words

 ¬When considering what my own personal philosophy of counseling would be, it was eye opening to consider who I was a person and how much I have grown. The self analysis was new to me because I never thought about how I do that on a day to day basis. Reviewing the questions I found that a lot of my focus surrounded family, my significant other, and close friends. Constantly living in a diverse population and having that as my surrounding also made its mark in my answers. I also noted that both past and present influences, but primarily the present, play a large role in my own perspective. By following the prompt, I was made to understand that my thought process makes me think of what is occurring in the present and how I can alter these†¦show more content†¦and thus the family structure and dynamic should be examined and considered when working with a client to deliver the most effective counseling approach. I feel that our perception of the past influences the way we act in the present. However, I do think that it should be taken into account that I, nor my client, will be able to change the past. Early experiences play a significant role in who we are but do not determine us as a whole. I believe Adler’s idea of a subjective reality, individual to each person, is similar to how people operate. People create and interpret their own experience, which means that a sense of reality is individual to each person. It is my goal as a counselor to do my best to try and understand each of my client’s realities and cater to them that would seem fit, since we are not all molded the same in our thought processes. People have the capacity to interpret, influence and create events. In order to understand people we must first understand the systems of which they are part. Adler’s life style assessment is holistic and systemic. In any beginning counseling relationship, I would try and gather as much information as I can about their attitudes and come to find an understanding of the lives that they live through their own personal perspective. This subjective reality is described as phenomenological and includes the individual’s perceptions, thoughts, feelings, values,Show MoreRelatedPersonal Experience Receiving Therapeutic Counseling889 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional experience in my career so far as well as personal experience receiving therapeutic counseling have given me a broad-based set of beliefs about what motivates individuals. I have determined that each individual comes with a unique context and narrative and that my role is to facilitate a client’s self-determination and decision-making by developing a positive relationship that allows the client freedom to take risks or make informed choices. Also I believe that the counselor createsRead MoreCareer And Personal Experience Receiving Therapeutic Counseling878 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional experience in my career and personal experienc e receiving therapeutic counseling has given me a broad-based set of beliefs about what motivates individuals. I have determined that each individual comes with a unique context and narrative and that my role is to facilitate a client’s self-determination and decision-making by developing a positive relationship that allows the client freedom to take risks or make informed choices. Also, I believe that the counselor creates the trustingRead MorePhilosophy Of School Counseling1329 Words   |  6 Pagesschool counselor in practice, my philosophy of the role of the school counselor is that school counselors play a tremendous role in the life of their student and is very important for us, school counselors to be aware of our role in the students’ life. We play a big role in their development of different areas such as personal development, career/academic development, and social development. Therefore, what guide me to this career is that I want to be able to advocate f or my students, and to help studentRead MoreReflection Paper On Life Philosophy1246 Words   |  5 PagesLife Philosophy Paper Introduction Who you are fuels who you are as a counselor, however, I recognize that I cannot let my own opinions, values, and beliefs cloud my care for others. Self-exploration and discovery should help to keep me from imposing my belief system upon those that I care for. The personal values and experiences I have developed over time will enable me to honestly empathize with many diverse cultural belief systems. I am not one to judge or jump to conclusions, instead I likeRead MoreCritical Pedagogy: The Study of Oppression in Education855 Words   |  4 Pagescomes to social philosophy and its place in curricula, I feel that it does have a place. The social views of people in today’s society have a major influence of what is place within a curriculum. Most curriculums are developed based on the needs and some wants of local persons in society. Many businesses say that all persons graduated from high school should not attend college but should attend an institution where everyday tr ades are taught. Parents of this society have influence on what is inRead MoreA Review of Therapists Integration of Religion and Spirituality in Counseling1036 Words   |  5 PagesSummary In this meta-analysis of integration of spirituality and religion in the counseling field, the authors seek to understand the skills and attitudes needed to integrate these variables into counseling. Among those that were studied are awareness of one’s own culture and heritage, respect for the diversity found in people concerning spirituality and religion and recognition of one’s helping style and how it may be perceived by clients (Walker, Gorsuch, Tan, 2004). A difficulty that hasRead More Teaching Philosophy Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesTeaching Philosophy Philosophy of Education, is the exploration for the meaning of life. My personal philosophical views of education, is the love of teaching and learning. To serve as an mentor, confidant, instructor and to provide guidance in the area of education. To teach the younger generation that education can give great lifelong rewards. I hope to learn and expand my wisdom surrounding the aspect of education, through research, assignments and field experienceRead MorePersonal Cultural Reflection Philosophy Paper – Michael1148 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Cultural Reflection Philosophy Paper – Michael Travis i. Introduction: ii. Exploration: I would describe myself as someone with a deep understanding of self, someone who can recognize and yield meaning from all of the life’s experiences, both the good and the bad. Viktor Frankl said, â€Å"if there is a meaning in life at all, then there must be a meaning in suffering.† From my experiences of personal and family tragedies, I know that suffering is part of life and is unavoidable, it is asRead MoreTaking a Look at Crisis Counseling1319 Words   |  5 Pages This is because psychology is subclassed with crazy people, which in fact could not be further from the truth. The following essay will clear up this illustration about psychology by further breaking down one of its fields, Crisis Counseling. Crisis Counseling is exactly as it sounds, it deals with individuals after a traumatic event. Crisis counselors not only conduct interviews with the patient(client), they also: assist clients in following through with treatment plans, collaborate with otherRead MoreThe Professional Identity of a Mental Health Counselor1583 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome an effective professional counselor, the roles and characteristics of the counseling professional, the different counseling associations, what is required to attain a state license and certification, how to assess your own professional development, and the rise of technology and how it may affect your clinical practice. Key Philosophies of the Counseling Professional The key philosophies of the counseling profession are wellness, resilience, and prevention. Wellness can be defined

Change of will Essay Example For Students

Change of will Essay She had planned to spend the early summer in Central Park rehearsing Henry VIII, a play about, among other things, the inheritance of a mans powerful position by a woman. But when the 26-member board of directors of the New York Shakespeare Festival summarily dismissed JoAnne Akalaitis from her job as the festivals artistic director on March 15, any number of plans changed. Over the next few days Akalaitis packed away 20 months worth of notabilia, issued a polite but unequivocal statement to the press, talked with characteristic frankness to friends and colleagues about how and why she was fired, then flew to Spain on April 5 for a visit with her daughter. Upon her return, she was scheduled to go into rehearsal for a play that might be viewed as the antithesis of a Shakespeare history: Jane Bowless poetic 1953 psychological study In the Summer House, which Andre Bishop has hired her to direct at Lincoln Center Theater Company. The gap in the Central Park season will be filled by Measure for Measure, a play about, among other things, the uses and abuses of power, and the gap at the Festivals helm was filled by director and playwright George C. Wolfe. Connected with the Festival since 1986 his Colored Museum and Spunk premiered there Wolfe has been curator of the theatres Festival of New Voices performances series for the past two seasons under Akalaitis. In accepting the appointment, Wolfe assumed the title by which the Festivals founder and driving force Joseph Papp had been known for some 37 years: producer. A secondary leadership role was taken on by another Festival regular, actor Kevin Kline, who will shoulder his title of artistic associate by playing the Duke in Measure for Measure. Akalaitiss ouster and Wolfes appointment stirred passions throughout the national theatre community and quarrelsome commentary in the press. Akalaitis, 55, had been hand-picked by Papp as his successor just three months before his death, and the boards decision to allow her barely a season-and-a-half in which to put her mark on the company was widely criticized. The board presented the change as a correction of bifurcated leadership (Akalaitiss coequal producing director Jason Steven Cohen will remain but will report to Wolfe in the new structure), but it is generally acknowledged that Akalaitiss taste for dark, audience-challenging work and her reported disinterest in courting funders and donors were looked upon with disfavor by board members. Demurrals by the board notwithstanding, the 38-year-old Wolfes in-demand status on Broadway as well as in the nonprofit theatrehe is the author and director of Jellys Last Jam and director of Angels in America was part of his appeal as her rep lacement. The New York Times, no fan of Akalaitiss work before or after her ascension to the Festival post, covered the transition in a series of articles almost celebratory in tone. In a March 21 piece, chief critic Frank Rich hailed the appointment of Wolfe as a close escape from calamity and went on to decry Akalaitiss narrow, academic vision and her virtually nonexistent producing record, referring to a dearth of new work originating at the Festival during her tenure. (An attachment to Akalaitiss press statement counters the criticism with a seven-page list of artistic activity.) In her own viewand that of several editorial commentators on the affair the Times reductive and unrelentingly assaultive coverage of Akalaitiss Festival leadership played a major role in her dismissal. The center of this story, Akalaitis believes, is an agenda on the part of the New York Times. Boards of directors have to have opinionsthey need to have their antennae out into the world, Akalaitis said in an interview the night before she boarded the plane for Spain. But if you have a board who doesnt know who the artistic director is, and that hasnt had the chance to use its muscle, it may be casting about for clues about how to think and behave and these come from the media. These signs from the media tell them something different from what may be actually happening at the theatre. In this case, its not that the board has a strong opinion it has no opinion. Its waiting to be told what to think by the newspapers. .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f , .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f .postImageUrl , .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f , .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f:hover , .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f:visited , .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f:active { border:0!important; } .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f:active , .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u113c889312a3b5f2ef19766b49df522f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A theatre Critic commented EssayShe has little patience for those who see her as a transition figure. There is no transition what happens in theatre is that artists just come in and do their work. Im not a transitional person Im the person Joe Papp picked as his successor.

Tobacco Prevention free essay sample

Over the past 50 years America has increased its level of knowledge towards the use of tobacco as well as enhanced its cessation techniques through the use of medication and researched programs. Despite these advancements smoking has continued to be a detrimental problem to the American public. According to the CDC, about 1,000 persons younger than 18 years of age begin smoking on a daily basis. 1 Many of the cessation programs directed at youths are still young and creating names for themselves. As a result of all the research that has been done regarding the cessation programs for youths, three effective steps have been found. First, screen for tobacco dependency within families; second, educate parents about the dangers of smoking and second hand smoke and third, counsel and the use of prescription medication. While these three techniques have been proven to be effective they are not a 100% guarantee and they dont address the major issue of actually getting the youths themselves to the programs. We will write a custom essay sample on Tobacco Prevention or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Research has extensively documented the harms of tobacco to people, specifically youths but none of it has stopped the tobacco industry from creating advertisements intended for youths. According to the World Health Organization Tobacco companies must attract a new eneration of tobacco users to survive. The industry constantly loses customers because many current smokers quit smoking or die from tobacco-related diseases. As a result, tobacco companies develop massive marketing campaigns to entice youth to smoke and become long-term smokers. 2 To parents, teacher and politicians the youth are the future of our country, to tobacco companies; the youth are the future of their business and their needs for survival. The problem of youth smoking is one that we cannot ignore and must continue to attack. As a whole Healthcare professionals, overnment lobbyist groups, insurance companies and most important the youth themselves all must re-commit themselves to exterminate this persistent problem at hand. Out of the 4,000 chemicals found in cigarettes, nicotine is often referred to as the most dangerous one. It is not regarded as being incredible dangerous to someones health but is feared by many people because extremely addictive. When smoke is inhaled that contains nicotine, the nicotine reaches the brain in a mere six seconds. When used in small doses nicotine acts as a stimulant to the brain or a substance that raises the levels of physiological activity in the body. In large doses it acts as a depressant and hinders the current of signals in the nervous system. Those substances which we call drugs cause their effects by mimicking some substance that naturally occurs in the body or by interfering with some process which naturally goes on. Nicotine acts in the former manner, by mimicking a naturally occurring substance in the body. 3 The substance that nicotine imitates is the chemical neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Each neuron has a protein, which is called a receptor, when nicotine is inhaled they attach on to these receptors in the place of acetylcholine. When nicotine binds to these receptors, like any other drugs they cause changes in the body. The primary changes that occur in the body due to nicotine inhalation are increases in the blood pressure and heart rate. Nicotine also nas psychoactive ettects or m -altering ettect upon use. The release of dopamine during the use of nicotine is a major contributor to the drugs highly addictive qualities. Dopamine is a chemical neurotransmitter that is naturally released in the body during a pleasurable experience. The nicotine released when smoking cigarettes release dopamine leaving the smoker with the feeling of extreme leasure, resulting in the desire to feel that way often. The evil genius of this drug is that while it produces dopamine it impedes the production of monoamine oxidase, which is responsible for the natural process of breaking down dopamine. The ability for nicotine to block the production of monoamine oxidase wears off short after the end of use, this fact causes the smokers to continue to get the urge to smoke and feel heightened levels of dopamine. 4 Nicotine dependence is defined as an addiction to tobacco products caused by the drug nicotine, meaning you cant stop using the substance despite the knowledge hat is causing you harm. The united States Department of Health and Human Services have concluded that for most youths its takes 2-3 years to become nicotine dependent but as few as 100 cigarettes to become addicted. In 2010 about 2. 6 American adolescents (aged 12-17) reported using a tobacco product in the month prior to the survey. In that same year it was found that nearly 60 percent of new smokers were under the age of 18 when they first smoked a cigarette. Of smokers under the age of 18 more then 6 million will likely die prematurely from a smoking- related disease. 6 There are two primary influences that cau se adolescents to susceptible to developing nicotine dependence, the first being peer pressure. Peer pressure is a fact of life and inevitable in your childhood and adolescence. Wheatear a person is conscious or not towards the pressure the choices and behaviors peers make affect the surrounding peers. According to Phillip Morris USA youths with at least three friends who smoke are 10 times more likely pick up the habit than youths who have friends that do not smoke. 7 The other influence that causes adolescents to be more susceptible to nicotine ependence than adults is not a psychosocial factor but a biological one. There are biological differences in adults and adolescents that leave adolescents more vulnerable to nicotine addition. Much of the research done in this sector has been executed with the use of adolescent rats and adult rats for safety reasons. Adolescent rats are more susceptible to reinforcing effects of nicotine that adult rats, and take more nicotine when it is available than do adult animals. 8 An animal study done by the National Institute on Drug Abuse has reported the negative affects that acetaldehyde has on smokers, specifically adolescents. The study found that acetaldehyde, an organic chemical compound found in cigarettes dramatically increases the reinforcing properties of nicotine and may also contribute to tobacco addiction. It was also found that acetaldehyde has an age- related effect and was far more drastic in the adolescent animals brains than the adult animals. 9 In 2009 the Philadelphia Department of Health conducted a study that found the high school smoking rate was higher in Philadelphia then any other large city. The smoking rate for high school students was 3. %, the racial breakdown of those statistics were 1. % of African Americans, 3. 1% of Hispanics and 15. 6% of Caucasians. 10 There are two main contributors that lead Philadelphia to have the highest high school smoking rate; cigarettes are cheaper in Philadelphia then any other major city and the prevalence of tobacco retailers in Philadelphia, there are 27 retailers for every 1,000 youth between the ages 10-17. 11 Pennsylvania ranked 19th in the country for price of cigarettes with an average of 5. 85 per pack, about 5$ behind New York which was ranked 1st. 2 To formulate national statistics the CDC uses the data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey. The National Youth Tobacco Survey is our countries most effective way of measuring youth tobacco use. It is a school- based, self- administered questionnaire given to middle school students (6th to 8th grade) and high school students (9th- 12th grade). It has been given every 2 years since 2000 and is used by the Healthy People Foundation to keep track of the 2020 goal it has set. In 2011 the use of all types of tobacco for middle school and high school 7. 1% and 23. % respectively and the prevalence of specific cigarette use was 4. 3% for middle school students and 18. 1% for high school students. 13 The Healthy People oals for 2020 were set in 2009 when the cigarette use rate for high school students was at 19. 5%, the overall goal is to get it down to 16% by 2020. 14 In or der to reach the goals set for 2020 it is crucial that the countries cessation programs are doing their part. Research has shown that the most effective method for youths to quit smoking is a binary method, both behavioral techniques and medication use. In terms of medication use there are two types of medicinal categories, first- line and second- line. First-line medications are the ones that tend to be used first by smokers trying to quit and second-line medications are used if the irst- line medications prove inadequate. The most simplistic first-line medications are over-the-counter and come in the form of nicotine gum, patches and lozenges. The gums, patches and lozenges all offers doses of nicotine, starting with the highest dose the smoker is supposed to reduce dose over-time with the hopes of eventual nicotine independence. Nicotine Inhalers and Nicotine nasal spray are also first- line medications that work in the same way as the gum, lozenge and patch but are prescription rather then over-the-counter. Bupropion and Varenicline are two other forms of first-line medications that are also prescription. Bupropion also known as Zyban and Varenicline also known as Chantix both work to reduce the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal and reduce the urges smokers feel. The two second-line medications are Nortriptyline known as Aventyl and Clonidine known as Catapres. Aventyl is traditionally used to teat depression but has also proved successful with tobacco cessation efforts and Catapres is generally used to treat high blood pressue, but like Aventyl has shown effective in tobacco cessation. 1 5 The behavioral techniques that are used in tobacco cessation come in two forms, an intervention style and a program style. The current research efforts that have been done regarding the intervention methods of cessation are deficient. There is simply a lack of evidence- based interventions, which makes it very difficult to Judge the success as well as improve the programs. This issue was addressed with the Canadian Tobacco Control Research Initiative, which came up with the better practices model. The better practices model is based on the idea that successful solutions to complex problems must draw from both science and experience. 16 The Canadian Tobacco Control Research Initiative came out with guidelines on what ssues should be used while developing cessation interventions. As time passes with these new guidelines and more evidence based interventions occur it shouldnt ta long to specify what are the best methods for success. 6 Programs can be more accurately researched because their data is much more accessible. A cessation program can mean many different things, ranging from face to face counseling, telephone counseling, Internet counseling and group counseling. The most effective forms of counseling have been face-to-face counseling as well as group counseling. Telephone counseling is relatively new but has showed success in its short life. Rega rdless of how the counseling has been delivered the technique that has been proved to be the most effective is the problem-solving approach. The problem-solving approach asks smokers to think of times they are likely to smoke and then planning what to do to distract themselves from the urge to smoke. 17 Social support such as encouragement and caring has not surprisingly been proven effective ways to help cessation. N-O-T, Not on Tobacco is the American Lung Associations voluntary rogram for teens that want to quit smoking has proven to be successful in the past. It is the most researched, most widely used and most successful program in the United States. (YTC) N-O-T has 7 major characteristics that have made it to successful: 18 1. Allows teens to volunteer to participate 2. Includes group activities 3. Has separate activities for boys and girls 4. Uses a total health approach 5. Consists of 10 session and can be used in school and community settings 6. Is based on more then 10 years of research 7. Is proven effective, has a 21% quit rate, higher then any other program N-O-T evelops skills, confidence and support system that teenagers need in order to quit. They understand that one of the keys to quitting smoking is to have the ability to keep your life the same without the use of cigarettes. By doing this and aiding the teens in other problems other then the smoking such as controlling weight after quitting and managing stress they have been successful. While there has been success in the cessation programs there is clearly an incredible amount of room for improvement. The most effective way to drastically improve success is creating a more accessible environment to programs. Although many youth think about and attempt to quit tobacco many are unaware of or unable to access cessation services. Also, many youth do not think quitting tobacco is difficult enough to warrant professional assistance. 19 The most important thing we can do moving forward is to better recruit youth who smoke and use tobacco. Recruiting for programs such as these should be very specific and focus are the target audience. Using the data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey it can be fgured out which ethnicity has the most smokers and recruitment techniques should be in accordance ith those number . An effective way to do this would be to tap in to previous existing social networks in a community, such as a club or a sports team. While your peers can be the reason you start smoking as a result of negative pressure they can also be the reason you quit as a result of positive pressure. Offering incentives can also be a useful technique for recruitment, offering something like pizza at meetings could raise the attendance and access. Even if the child goes into the meeting with the sole intent of getting the incentive they are still exposed to cessation efforts. One last ecruitment technique can be to use other teens as recruiters. It will give a more personalized appearance and give you the feeling that you will not be alone. It is also on the shoulders of the health insurance companies and the health care system to provide access to these youths. All health insurance policies should cover any cessation program or method used by teens to quit smoking, the high prices of some medications and some counseling practices can deter youths from making an attempt to quit. It should be the standard that all health care services monitor and care for nicotine dependency. It falls on a combination of the government, healthcare systems and public health agencies to formulate a system that can effectively treat youth nicotine dependence. It is also extremely important that high schools are smoke free; the majority of youths time is spent, as schools and creating a smoke- free environment will deter smoking amongst youth. Another way to improve the current youth cessation programs in to apply adult programs to youth specifically for interventions, the most lacking in research of all methods. Due to this lack of research on youth interventions we can use what has been proven effective with adults. The United States Public Health System has provided the public specifically adults with recommendations that have proved successful. These recommendations include: It is essential that clinicians and health care delivery systems consistently identify and document tobacco use status and treat every tobacco user seen in a health care setting, Telephone quitline counseling is effective with diverse populations and has broad reach. Therefore, clinicians and health care delivery systems should both ensure patient access to quitlines and promote quitline use along with eight other proven effective recommendations. 0 As spoken about previously there are biological differences are one of the many things that vary between youth and adults. These differences could lead to a lack of success and should encourage counselors to use adult recommendations carefully. As a country we should be encouraged by the amount of success youth cessations programs have had but also motivated to continue to improve them. While it is unrealistic to think there will be a time when there are no smokers on this earth that should be our goal. We should aim for a 0% high school smoking rate because that will drive people to continue to find successful methods. If we live with the goal of a 0% smoking rate five or ten years down the road when we look at what the youth smoking is and look at its decline, it will be drastic. If you think about it in terms of a professional baseball pitcher, he goes into each game with the mindset of pitching a perfect game and works each day towards that goal. In hindsight with a more realistic mindset he can look back on his performance and see that getting 24 out of 27 men out rather then 27 out of 27 is still a success. Cessation is not an easy process and the only thing that can make it easier is a more committed effort by all parties involved.

Daughter, in Girl essays

The Relationship Between the Mother/Daughter, in Girl essays The relationship between the mother/daughter, in Girl, and father/son, in Reunion, are very different. In what way are they different? They are different because in the Girl, the mother is teaching her daughter the right way to live, the way to act. She is teaching her daughter morals, at a very young age. For example, the mother tells her daughter how to do laundry, wash the white clothes on Monday and put them on the stone heap; wash the colored clothes on Tuesday and put them on the clothesline to dry. And she is teaching her how to iron a shirt, how to set the table for tea or dinner. How to make medicine for a cold, or to get rid of an unwanted pregnancy. Also what she should do when she goes shopping for groceries, always squeeze the bread to make sure that its fresh. And the only thing the girl can answer is, what if the baker wont let me feel the bread? shes probably young and she doesnt fully grasp all that her mother is teaching her now. The reason why the mother is teaching her daughter at a young age so that when she grows up, she will come away with something. And people wont look at her like she has no moral values or they will look at her mother in a bad way, that she didnt teach her daughter anything. In the Reunion, the father is just a drunk who doesnt care about what people think of him. He says and does whatever he wants without a care in the world who he hurts or embarrasses. For example, when they went to a newsstand to get a newspaper, his father started talking to the clerk in a very rude manner, kind sir will you be good enough to favor me with one of your no good ten-cent afternoon papers? The clerk didnt want to deal with him so he just turned away, but Charlies father kept insisting on getting what...

Principles On Drug Abuse Treatment Research Paper

Principles On Drug Abuse Treatment - Research Paper Example According to Belenk, offenders need to provide urine tests on a regular basis. The court further assists offenders to secure entitlements such as medical, housing, or welfare allowance. Offenders need to visit probation officers on a frequent basis well as visit counseling sessions. However, drug courts are not effective in the treatment of drug-related cases. This is because such courts use coercive means, which offenders conform to for just some time. Drug offenders like programs that give them the chance to volunteer. Courts, however, have strict regulations and procedures, which is not effective. Rehabilitation centers that offer such services voluntarily serve better to offenders. Drug treatment as a routine is effective in reducing recidivism among offenders. These programs, however, take various forms. These treatments include the use of voluntary service centers such as rehabilitation stations. It may also take the form of mandatory treatment programs that include the use of the drug courts and law enforcement. Drug abuse leads to the loss in the national governments' funds. Funding such program costs lots of dollars. On the health of offenders, drug treatment saves offenders from mental health complications. Despite the success of drug success of drug treatment program, it faces several challenges. Such challenges include the unavailability of high-quality programs, the difference in priorities and the inability of such programs to benefit offenders after prison time.

Effectiveness of Risk Assessment in Preventing Pressure Ulcer Research Paper

Effectiveness of Risk Assessment in Preventing Pressure Ulcer - Research Paper Example The objective of the study will be as follows: To assess whether incorporating risk assessment in nursing practice can reduce the prevalence of pressure ulcers; Establish whether risk assessment can reduce the overall preventive measures used on a patient Investigate whether the detection of pressure ulcers in its early stages could reduce its severity and prevent other illnesses from developing. Background Pressure ulcers are local injuries to skin and/or underlying tissues due to pressure from an object pressing and/or rubbing against the skin. Pressure usually leads in insufficient blood flow and occurs mostly in bony areas such as the sacrum, coccyx, hips, and heels. Insufficient blood supply can lead to death of skin cells leading to the formation of an ulcer. In the US, the prevalence of pressure ulcers varies among states widely, with some states such as Ontario recording incidence rates of 53% in poorly managed healthcare institutions (Clarke, Bradley, & Whytock, 2005).... The staff will also be trained on early detection of the injuries. c) Comparison Data on patients at risk from developing pressure ulcer will be collected before and after training. The data will also include the number of patients who will develop ulcers over a four-week period before and after the training intervention. Data collected after nursing staff have undergone training will be compared to that collected before the training using various statistical analyses to determine whether there was a significant decline in the number of patients at risk of developing ulcers. d) Outcome Results of the analysis will also indicate whether training of nursing personnel in the assessment of pressure ulcer risk is effective in reducing the number of patients developing pressure ulcers. e) Time The study will run for a period of three months. Data on the number of patients developing ulcers and those at risk will be collected for a period of four weeks followed by training of personnel. Dat a will be collected again after training for a period of four weeks. Critique of Literature Clinical studies have shown that development of pressure ulcer during hospitalization can be alleviated by adopting appropriate mitigation measures (Severens, Hobraken, Duivenvoorden, & Frederiks, 2002; Vanderwee, Clark, Dealey, Gunningberg, & Defloor, 2007). These measures can include the development of methods and ways of determining risk factors. Early action can alleviate pain and improve quality of life among persons at risk or those already affected. Healthcare institutions can also benefit from early detection of pressure ulcers by reducing fiscal and time expenditure on the care and treatment of patients. Clarke et al. (2005) mention that pressure ulcers directly kill at least

Wireless Lan Applications Areas Computer Science Essay

Wireless Lan Applications Areas Computer Science Essay G. Marconi invented the wireless telegraph in 1896. In 1901, he sent telegraphic signals across the Atlantic Ocean from Cornwall to St. Johns Newfoundland; a distance of 1800 miles. His invention allowed two parties to communicate by sending each other alphanumeric characters encoded in an analog signal. Over the last century, advances in wireless technologies have led to the radio, the television, the mobile telephone, and communication satellites. All types of information can now be sent to almost every corner of the world. Recently, a good attention has been focused on wireless networking. Early wireless LAN products, introduced in the late 1980s, were marketed as substitutes for traditional wired LANs. Wireless networking is allowing businesses to develop WANs, MANs, and LANs without cabling. A wireless LAN saves the cost of the installation of LAN cabling and eases the task of relocation and other modifications to network structure. The IEEE has developed 802.11 as a standard for wireless LANs. The Bluetooth industry consortium is also working to provide a seamless wireless networking technology. The impact of wireless communications has been and will continue to be profound. Very few inventions have been able to shrink the world in such a manner. The standards that define how wireless communication devices interact are quickly converging and soon will allow the creation of a global wireless network that will deliver a wide variety of services. 1.2 Over view As the name suggests, a wireless LAN is one that makes use of a wireless transmission medium. Until recently, wireless LANs were little used. The reasons for this included high prices, data rates, occupational safety concerns, and licensing requirements. As these problems have been now addressed, the popularity of wireless LANs has grown rapidly. 1.3 Wireless LAN Applications Areas: There are four application areas for wireless LANs: LAN extension, Cross- building interconnect, Nomadic access and Ad hoc networks. LAN Extension The motivation for wireless LANs was overtaken by events. First, as awareness of the need for LANs became greater, architects designed new buildings to include extensive pre wiring for data applications. Second, with advances in data transmission technology, there is an increasing reliance on twisted pair cabling for LANs and in particular, Category3 and Category 5 unshielded twisted pair. However, in some environments, there is a role for the wireless LAN as an alternative to a wired LAN. Examples include buildings with large open areas. In most of these cases, an organization will also have a wired LAN to support servers and some stationary workstations. Thus, this application area is referred to as LAN extension. There is a backbone wired LAN, such as Ethernet, that supports servers, workstations, and one or more bridges or routers to link with other networks. In addition, there is a Control Module (CM) that acts as an interface to a wireless LAN. The control module includes either bridge or router functionality to link the wireless LAN to the backbone. It includes some sort of access control logic, such as a polling or token-passing scheme, to regulate the access from the end systems. Cross- Building Interconnect Another use of wireless LAN technology is to connect LANs in nearby buildings, be they wired or wireless LANs. In this case, a point-to-point wireless link is used between two buildings. The devices so connected are typically bridges or routers. This single point-to-point link is not a LAN per se, but it is usual to include this application under the heading of wireless LAN. Nomadic Access Nomadic access provides a wireless link between a LAN hub and mobile data terminal equipped with an antenna, such as a laptop computer or notepad computer. Nomadic access is also useful in an extended environment such as a campus or a business operating out of a cluster of buildings. Ad Hoc Networking An ad hoc network is a peer-to-peer network (no centralized server) set up temporarily to meet some immediate need. For example, a group of employees, each with a laptop or palmtop computer may convene in a conference room for a business or classroom meeting. The employees link their computers in a temporary network just for the duration of the meeting. There are differences between a wireless LAN that supports LAN extension and nomadic access requirements and an ad hoc wireless LAN. In the former case, the wireless LAN forms a stationary infrastructure consisting of one or more cells with a control module for each cell. Within a cell, there may be a number of stationary end systems. Nomadic stations can move from one cell to another. In contrast, there is no infrastructure for an ad hoc network. Rather, a peer collection of stations within range of each other may dynamically configure themselves into a temporary network. Fig 1.1 Wireless LAN Configurations 1.4 Wireless LAN Requirements A wireless LAN must meet the same sort of requirements typical of any LAN, including high capacity, ability to cover short distances, full connectivity among attached stations, and broadcast capability. In addition, there are a number of requirements specific to the wireless LAN environment. The following are among the most important requirements for wireless LANs. Throughput: The medium access control protocol should make as efficient use as possible of the wireless medium to maximize capacity. Number of nodes: Wireless LANs may need to support hundreds of nodes across multiple cells. Connection to backbone LAN: In most cases, interconnection with stations on a wired backbone LAN is required. For infrastructure wireless LANs, this is easily accomplished through the use of control modules that connect to both types of LANs. There may also need to be accommodation for mobile users and ad hoc wireless networks. Service area: A typical coverage area for a wireless LAN has a diameter of 100 to 300m. Battery power consumption: Mobile workers use battery-powered workstations that need to have a long battery life when used with wireless adapters. This suggests that a MAC protocol that requires mobile nodes to monitor access points constantly or engage in frequent handshakes with a base station is inappropriate. Typical wireless LAN implementations have features to reduce power consumption while not using the network, such as a sleep mode. Transmission robustness and security: Unless properly designed, a wireless LAN may be interference prone and easily eavesdropped. The design of a wireless LAN must permit reliable transmission even in a noisy environment and should provide some level of security from eavesdropping. Collocated network operation: As Wireless LANs become more popular, it is quite likely for two or more wireless LANs to operate in the same area or in some area where interference between the LANs is possible. Such interferee may thwart the normal operation of a MAC algorithm and may allow unauthorized access to a particular LAN. License-free operation: Users would prefer to buy and operate wireless LAN products without having to secure a license for the frequency band used by the LAN. Handoff/roaming: The MAC protocol used in the wireless LAN should enable mobile stations to move from one cell to another. Dynamic configuration: The MAC addressing and network management aspects of the LAN should permit dynamic and automated addition, deletion, and relocation of end systems without disruption to other users. 1.5 The Trouble with Wireless Wireless is convenient and often less expensive to deploy than fixed services, but wireless is not perfect. There are limitations, political and technical difficulties that may ultimately prevent wireless technologies from reaching the other side with full potential. Two limiting issues are incompatible standards and device limitations. Device limitations also restrict the free flow of data. The small LCD on a mobile telephone is inadequate for displaying more than a few lines of text. In additions, most mobile wireless devices cannot access the vast majority of WWW sites on the Internet. The browsers use a special language, wireless markup language (WML), instead of the de facto standard HTML. Most likely, no one wireless device will be able to meet every need. The potential of wireless can be met but not with a single product. Wireless will succeed because it will be integrated into a variety of devices that can meet a variety of needs. 1.6 Fading in the Mobile Environment Perhaps the most challenging technical problem being faced by communication systems engineers is fading in a mobile environment. The term fading refers to the time variation of received signal power caused by changes in the transmission medium or path(s). In a fixed environment, fading is affected by changes in atmospheric conditions, such as rainfall. But in a mobile environment, where one of the two antennae is moving relative to the other, the relative location of various obstacles changes over time, creating complex transmission effects. 1.6.1 Types of Fading Fading effects in a mobile environment can be classified as either fast or slow. Referring to Fig 1.2, as the mobile unit moves down a street in an urban environment, rapid variations in signal strength occur over distances of about one-half a wavelength. The rapidly changing waveform is an example of the spatial variation of received signal amplitude. The changes of amplitude can be as much as 20 or 30 dB over a short distance. This type of rapidly changing fading phenomenon, known as fat fading, affects not only mobile devices in automobiles, but even a mobile phone user walking down an urban street. As the mobile user covers distances well in excess of a wavelength, the urban environment changes, as the user passes buildings of different heights, vacant lots, intersections, and so forth. Over these longer distances, there is a change in the average received power level about which the rapid fluctuations occur. This is referred to as slow fading. Lamp Post B D C A Fig 1.2 Mobile unit signal reflections Fading channel models are often used to model the effects of electromagnetic transmission of information over the air in cellular networks and broadcast communication. Fading channel models are also used in underwater acoustic communications to model the distortion caused by the water. Mathematically, fading is usually modeled as a time-varying random change in the amplitude and phase of the transmitted signal. 1.6.2 Slow vs. Fast Fading The terms slow and fast fading refer to the rate at which the magnitude and phase change imposed by the channel on the signal changes. The coherence time is a measure of the minimum time required for the magnitude change of the channel to become decorrelated from its previous value. Slow fading arises when the coherence time of the channel is large relative to the delay constraint of the channel. In this regime, the amplitude and phase change imposed by the channel can be considered roughly constant over the period of use. Slow fading can be caused by events such as shadowing, where a large obstruction such as a hill or large building obstructs the main signal path between the transmitter and the receiver. The amplitude change caused by shadowing is often modeled using a log-normal distribution with a standard deviation according to the Log Distance Path Loss Model. Fast Fading occurs when the coherence time of the channel is small relative to the delay constraint of the channel. In this regime, the amplitude and phase change imposed by the channel varies considerably over the period of use. In a fast-fading channel, the transmitter may take advantage of the variations in the channel conditions using time diversity to help increase robustness of the communication to a temporary deep fade. Although a deep fade may temporarily erase some of the information transmitted, use of an error-correcting code coupled with successfully transmitted bits during other time instances (interleaving) can allow for the erased bits to be recovered. In a slow-fading channel, it is not possible to use time diversity because the transmitter sees only a single realization of the channel within its delay constraint. A deep fade therefore lasts the entire duration of transmission and cannot be mitigated using coding. Flat vs. Frequency-selective Fading As the carrier frequency of a signal is varied, the magnitude of the change in amplitude will vary. The coherence bandwidth measures the minimum separation in frequency after which two signals will experience uncorrelated fading. In flat fading, the coherence bandwidth of the channel is larger than the bandwidth of the signal. Therefore, all frequency components of the signal will experience the same magnitude of fading. In frequency-selective fading, the coherence bandwidth of the channel is smaller than the bandwidth of the signal. Different frequency components of the signal therefore experience decorrelated fading. In a frequency-selective fading channel, since different frequency components of the signal are affected independently, it is highly unlikely that all parts of the signal will be simultaneously affected by a deep fade. Certain modulation schemes such as OFDM and CDMA are well-suited to employ frequency diversity to provide robustness to fading. OFDM divides the wideband signal into many slowly modulated narrowband subcarriers, each exposed to flat fading rather than frequency selective fading. This can be combated by means of error coding, simple equalization or adaptive bit loading. Inter-symbol interference is avoided by introducing a guard interval between the symbols. CDMA uses the Rake receiver to deal with each echo separately. Frequency-selective fading channels are also dispersive, in that the signal energy associated with each symbol is spread out in time. This causes transmitted symbols that are adjacent in time to interfere with each other. Equalizers are often deployed in such channels to compensate for the effects of the inter symbol interference. Fading effects can also be classified as flat or selective. Flat fading, or nonselective fading, is that type of fading in which all frequency components of the received signal fluctuate in the same proportions simultaneously. Selective fading affects unequally the different spectral components of a radio signal. The term selective fading is usually significant only relative to the bandwidth of the overall communications channel. If attenuation occurs over a portion of the bandwidth of the signal, the fading is considered to be selective; nonselective fading implies that the signal bandwidth of interest is narrower than, and completely covered by, the spectrum affected by the fading.

Women Online :: Internet Feminist Technology Essays

Women Online Is it better to be a woman online or a man online? Which sex is more respected? Do women have better conversations then men or is it the other way around? Can women participate in a debate with men and still be heard? Are women being treated equally online in comparison to their male counterparts? These are some of the questions that are asked in the articles of Dale Spender and Laura Miller. Dale Spenders article entitled Gender-Bending, and Laura Millers article entitled Women and Children First: Gender and the Settling of the Electronic Frontier. In which the two female authors give their opinions about the good side and bad side of being a woman online. In Dale Spenders article she describes how womens behaviors alter depending on if they are talking to a man or a woman. Their behaviors alter by the terms and tones they use to their posture/demeanor and weather or not eye contact is made. Spender observed such behavior in a study she preformed. When a man entered a conversation uninvited women would automatically give him the floor, as was to be expected. But what wasnt expected was that women would change the way they were sitting and they would look up to him rather then down. In another experiment a baby was handed to a group of women with its sex unidentified. When the sex was identified as a female the baby was held closely and tightly. The females heads were bent down and they spoke quietly and soothingly to the baby. When the women where told that a mistake was made that the baby was in fact a boy the behavior altered. At some points the baby was almost dropped when the women changed the way the baby was being held. The baby was held further away and was bounced up and down. The womens tone changed from soothing to loud and robust. The child was also raised to eye-level when talked to. Even in the case of babies Spender believes that all of our words, actions, and body language are gender-loaded(71). She believes that only when we know the sex of who we are talking to can we actually conduct a conversation. Due to these studies and experiments Spender came to the conclusion that the only way to gain respect is to be a man. Not only when we are young but in writing and conversation.

Environmental Experiences Essay

The capability of a location to enhance environmental experience depends on the landscape and its potential to foster and create subjective interpretations among individuals. These places also are significant to visitors since it promotes education and other indirect effects. Recognizing the need for architecture is important for people to fully understand and feel the landscape experience. The Tree Top Walk at the Valley of Giants in Australia â€Å"is a walkway that rises up to 38m above the forest. † Visitors can be able to create the feeling of environment. Visitors get a different perspective on the shapes, sounds and movement of the forest. The Oregon Paleo Lands Institute will help you discover Oregon’s past and explore its present landscapes. The place helps educate individuals and visitors of the wonders the place has to offer. Our mission is to help northwest residents and visitors of all ages to explore, understand, and enjoy the world-renowned natural history of north central Oregon, the ancient and living landscapes of Oregon’s last 400 million years, and the full fossil record of earth’s last 50 million years. The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center in Texas seeks to inform individuals of the diverse native plants in the region. First as the National Wildflower Research Center and later as the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, this special place exists to introduce people to the beauty and diversity of wildflowers and other native plants. This is in response to the threats and the call for preservation of these plants. These places help enhance their experience of understanding landscape by how each one creates the feeling of satisfaction and cultivate the feeling of appreciation that contributes to the landscape experience. It must be a mixture of both understanding and at the same time appreciation of his/her perceptive abilities. However, an individual must not only settle for what is observable. The visitor must create and conceptualize his/her own interpretation of the landscape. This image will bear some relationship to the way in which the individual responds to and structures his world as a result of his physical perceptual capacities, socio-economic, cultural, personality, experiential and other characteristics. The three types of places mentioned give both direct and indirect experiences to the visitor. Looking at it, the area of indirect experiences is classified to be relative. An experience of an individual may vary depending on how each one perceives a landscape and associates it to personal experience. A person feeling can range from curiosity over the landscape to happiness and awe. There are varied reactions among people and this creates different reactions that cultivate experience. On the other hand, there are also direct experiences that the landscape contributes to a visitor. These are (1) education, (2) environmental education and (3) interpretative centers. Education can be considered as one important contributions of landscape experience. It creates awareness that has been stimulated by the actuality of perceiving, analyzing and understanding the landscape. A visitor creates its connection with the landscape by the way it manifests itself to the viewer and in return how the person responds to it given the factors that revolve around the environment and the individual. Thus, this creates the process of education for each visitor. Environmental education can also be seen as an outcome of landscape experience since the three examples that were given are primarily natural or ecological sites. Landscape experiences gives idea to visitors of the current situation of these sites. This experience creates awareness especially during this time that the call for environmental concern has been constantly increasing. Effective and meaningful environmental education is a challenge we must take seriously if we and future generations are to enjoy the benefits of our natural heritage. Thus, landscape experiences creates an avenue for environmental education by showcasing visitors the beauty and wonder of these sites and how each one is responsible for its protection and continued sustenance. The last mentioned is landscape experience creates interpretative centers. Landscape experience gives opportunities for interpretative centers to provide adequate information regarding the site. Also, interpretative centers provide cultivate interests of volunteers and organizations to further promote the site. Architecture plays an important role in landscape experience. People who have background in the topic understand that its facets are diversified. To fully appreciate architecture, students need to deconstruct its meaning from a variety of perspectives: artistic, social, and scientific. Architecture serves as a guide for visitors to engage in their local landscape. The idea is that each individual seeks find meaning and experience in the landscape however this cannot be done without an understanding architecture. Another is that architecture’ diversity and varied perspectives paves the way for an increased landscape experience among visitors. Different meanings and interpretations are derived from these sites that foster deeper learning experiences. There are many variants and factors that determine the landscape experience of an individual. The capability of an individual to associate the landscape with an understanding of architecture and different subjective interests’ can create a meaningful and worthwhile experience. The full appreciation of the environment experience again is achieved if a learning process is obtained by the individual upon exposure to the landscape.

Sir Winston Churchill Of Blenheim Palace Woodstock England

Sir Winston Churchill of blenheim palace woodstock england By Jack Sherman Winston Churchill s life had been a constant mess of events leading to his fight against Adolf Hitler s threat to own Europe. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Churchill lead a successful joined strategy with the us president and Joseph Stalin during WWII to defeat the Axis powers and create after war peace. After the breakdown of the alliance, he notified the West to the expansionist threat of the soviets sir winston churchill was born in Blenheim Palace, Woodstock england in the year of 1874 on november 30. his father was the 7th duke of marlborough england. he was known as a man who enjoyed alot of things, he could paint he could write he could lead and even lay bricks. But adults had trouble keeping up with his thought pattern. and his imagination off the charts. a little bit later in life Churchill enjoyed a short but active career in the British army. He joined the fourth regiment in 1895 and served in the Indian northwest, where he saw action in the fight in Omdurman in the year of 1898. While working as Lord of the Admiralty in 1911, Churchill changed the British military, making the boat builders notified that new warships had to be built with oil instead of coal engines. He was one of the first bringing up army aircraft and set up the Royal Navy Air Service. because he was to be so enthusiastic about aviation that he took flying lessons to understand itsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Winston Churchill1479 Words   |  6 Pages Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Winston Churchill was one of the most influential people in this century. He held many offices, jobs, and positions that greatly affected the life of the British, and the history of the world. In Blenheim Palace at Woodstock on November 30th, 1874, Winston Churchill was born.1 He grew up as the first child of Lord Randolph Churchill.2 Lord Randolph Churchill held a seat as a member of Parliament and was considered a notable politician